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C++ Network Programming, Volume I: Mastering Complexity with ACE and Patterns, by Douglas Schmidt, Stephen D. Huston
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As networks, devices, and systems continue to evolve, software engineers face the unique challenge of creating reliable distributed applications within frequently changing environments. C++ Network Programming, Volume 1, provides practical solutions for developing and optimizing complex distributed systems using the ADAPTIVE Communication Environment (ACE), a revolutionary open-source framework that runs on dozens of hardware platforms and operating systems.
This book guides software professionals through the traps and pitfalls of developing efficient, portable, and flexible networked applications. It explores the inherent design complexities of concurrent networked applications and the tradeoffs that must be considered when working to master them.
C++ Network Programming begins with an overview of the issues and tools involved in writing distributed concurrent applications. The book then provides the essential design dimensions, patterns, and principles needed to develop flexible and efficient concurrent networked applications. The book's expert author team shows you how to enhance design skills while applying C++ and patterns effectively to develop object-oriented networked applications.
Readers will find coverage of:
- C++ network programming, including an overview and strategies for addressing common development challenges The ACE Toolkit
- Connection protocols, message exchange, and message-passing versus shared memory
- Implementation methods for reusable networked application services
- Concurrency in object-oriented network programming
- Design principles and patterns for ACE wrapper facades
With this book, C++ developers have at their disposal the most complete toolkit available for developing successful, multiplatform, concurrent networked applications with ease and efficiency.
- Sales Rank: #1279790 in Books
- Published on: 2001-12-20
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.10" h x .80" w x 7.20" l, 1.10 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 336 pages
From the Back Cover
As networks, devices, and systems continue to evolve, software engineers face the unique challenge of creating reliable distributed applications within frequently changing environments. "C++ Network Programming, Volume 1, " provides practical solutions for developing and optimizing complex distributed systems using the ADAPTIVE Communication Environment (ACE), a revolutionary open-source framework that runs on dozens of hardware platforms and operating systems.
This book guides software professionals through the traps and pitfalls of developing efficient, portable, and flexible networked applications. It explores the inherent design complexities of concurrent networked applications and the tradeoffs that must be considered when working to master them.
"C++ Network Programming" begins with an overview of the issues and tools involved in writing distributed concurrent applications. The book then provides the essential design dimensions, patterns, and principles needed to develop flexible and efficient concurrent networked applications. The book's expert author team shows you how to enhance design skills while applying C++ and patterns effectively to develop object-oriented networked applications.
Readers will find coverage of: C++ network programming, including an overview and strategies for addressing common development challenges The ACE ToolkitConnection protocols, message exchange, and message-passing versus shared memoryImplementation methods for reusable networked application servicesConcurrency in object-oriented network programmingDesign principles and patterns for ACE wrapper facades
With this book, C++ developers have at their disposal the most complete toolkit available for developing successful, multiplatform, concurrent networked applications with ease and efficiency.
About the Author
Dr. Douglas C. Schmidt is the original developer of ACE and The ACE ORB (TAO). He is a professor at Vanderbilt University, where he studies patterns, optimizations, middleware, and model-based tools for distributed real-time and embedded systems. He is a former editor-in-chief of C++ Report and columnist for C/C++ Users Journal.
Stephen D. Huston is an internationally recognized expert in networked application development. He has more than 25 years of software development experience, focusing on network protocol and C++ networked application development in a wide range of hardware and software environments. Steve has been working with the ACE development team for over 10 years since founding Riverace Corporation, the premier provider of ACE support, training, and consulting services.
Excerpt. � Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
Over the past decade, concurrent object-oriented network programming has emerged as an effective paradigm for developing software applications whose collaborating objects can either be
Collocated within one process or computer or Distributed across a set of computers connected by a network, such as an embedded system interconnect, a local area network (LAN), an enterprise intranet, or the Internet. When objects are distributed, the various entities that constitute these objects must communicate and coordinate with each other effectively. Moreover, they must continue to do so as applications change over their lifetimes. The placement of objects, the available networking infrastructure, and platform concurrency options allow for a level of freedom that's powerful, yet challenging.
When designed properly, concurrent object-oriented network programming capabilities can add a great deal of flexibility to your application options. For instance, in accordance with the requirements and resources available to your projects, you can use
- Real-time, embedded, or handheld systems
- Personal or laptop computers
- An assortment of various-sized UNIX or Linux systems
- "Big iron" mainframes and even supercomputers
You'll likely encounter complex challenges, however, when developing and porting networked applications on multiple operating system (OS) platforms. These complexities appear in the form of incompatible networking protocols or component libraries that have different APIs and semantics on different hardware and software platforms, as well as accidental complexities introduced by limitations with the native OS interprocess communication (IPC) and concurrency mechanisms themselves. To alleviate these problems, the ADAPTIVE Communication Environment (ACE) provides an object-oriented toolkit that runs portably on dozens of hardware and OS platforms, including most versions of Win32 and UNIX, as well as many real-time and embedded operating systems.
Some would have you believe that de facto or de jure OS standards, such as POSIX, UNIX98, or Win32, are all programmers need to shield their applications from portability challenges. Unfortunately, the adage that "the nice thing about standards is that there are so many to choose from" is even more applicable today than it was a decade ago. There are now dozens of different OS platforms used in commercial, academic, and governmental projects, and the number of permutations grows with each new version and variant.
We've developed many multiplatform, concurrent, and networked systems for the past two decades. We can therefore assure you that OS vendors often choose to implement different standards at different times. Moreover, standards change and evolve. It's likely that you'll work on multiple platforms that implement different standards in different ways at different times. Programming directly to OS APIs therefore yields the following two problems:
It's error-prone since native OS APIs written in C often lack typesafe, portable, reentrant, and extensible system function interfaces and function libraries. For example, endpoints of communication in the widely used Sockets API (discussed in Chapter 2) are identified via weakly typed integer or pointer I/O handles, which increase the likelihood of subtle programming errors at run-time. It encourages inadequate design techniques since many networked applications written using OS APIs are based upon algorithmic design, rather than object-oriented design. Algorithmic design decomposes the structure of an application according to specific functional requirements, which are volatile and likely to evolve over time. This design paradigm therefore yields nonextensible software architectures that can't be customized rapidly to meet changing application requirements. In this age of economic upheaval, deregulation, and stiff global competition, it's becoming prohibitively expensive and time consuming to develop applications entirely from scratch using native OS APIs and algorithmic design techniques.
If you've been developing networked software systems for many years, you may have learned to accept some of these problems as a fact of life. There is a better way, however. In this book, we show how C++ and ACE provide object-oriented capabilities that allow you to avoid many traps and pitfalls, while still leveraging standards--and even certain platform-specific features--whenever possible. Object-oriented designs exhibit greater stability over time than algorithmic designs, which makes them the preferred basis for developing many types of networked applications.
Not surprisingly, there's a price for all this flexibility: you may need to learn some new concepts, methods, patterns, tools, and development techniques. Depending on your background, this learning curve may be trivial or it may initially seem steep. The bottom line, however, is that the object-oriented paradigm can offer you a mature set of techniques that alleviates many challenges of networked application development. This book presents a series of concrete examples to illustrate the object-oriented techniques used to develop and apply the classes in the ACE toolkit. You can use the same techniques and ACE classes to simplify your own applications.
Intended Audience
This book is intended for "hands-on" developers or advanced students interested in understanding the strategies and tactics of concurrent network programming using C++ and object-oriented design. We describe the key design dimensions, patterns, and principles needed to develop flexible and efficient concurrent networked applications quickly and easily. Our numerous C++ code examples reinforce the design concepts and illustrate concretely how to use the core classes in ACE right away. We also take you "behind the scenes" to understand how and why the IPC and concurrency mechanisms in the ACE toolkit are designed the way they are. This material will help to enhance your design skills and to apply C++ and patterns more effectively in your own object-oriented networked applications.
This book is not a comprehensive tutorial on object-oriented development, patterns, UML, C++, systems programming, or networking. We therefore assume readers of this book have some familiarity with the following topics:
- Object-oriented design and programming techniques, for example, frameworks, patterns, modularity, information hiding, and modeling
- Object-oriented notations and processes, such as the Unified Modeling Language (UML), eXtreme Programming, and the Rational Unified Process (RUP)
- Fundamental C++ language features, such as classes, inheritance, dynamic binding, and parameterized types
- Core systems programming mechanisms, such as event demultiplexing, process and thread management, virtual memory, and IPC mechanisms and APIs commonly available on UNIX and Win32 platforms
- Networking terminology and concepts, such as TCP/IP, remote operation invocations, and client/server architectures
We encourage you to use the extensive bibliography to locate sources of information on topics about which you want to learn more.
This book is also not an ACE programmer's manual; that is, we don't explain every method of every class in ACE. For that level of detail we refer you to the extensive online ACE documentation, generated by Doxygen. at http://ace.ece.uci.edu/Doxygen/ and http://www.riverace.com/docs/. Instead, this book focuses on
- The key concepts, patterns, and C++ features that shape the design of successful object-oriented networked applications and middleware and
- The motivation behind, and basic usage of, the most commonly used ACE TCP/IP and concurrency wrapper facade classes
Structure and Content
This book describes how C++ and middleware help address key challenges associated with developing networked applications. We review the core native OS mechanisms available on popular OS platforms and illustrate how C++ and patterns are applied in ACE to encapsulate these mechanisms in class library wrapper facades that improve application portability and robustness. The book's primary application example is a networked logging service that transfers log records from client applications to a logging server over TCP/IP. We use this service as a running example throughout the book to
- Show concretely how C++ and ACE can help achieve efficient, predictable,
- and scalable networked applications and
- Demonstrate key design and implementation considerations and solutions that will arise when you develop your own concurrent object-oriented networked applications
The book is organized into 11 chapters as follows:
- Introduction--Chapter 0 presents an introduction to C++ network programming. It starts by outlining the problem space and presenting the challenges that can arise when applications extend beyond a single thread in a single process. We then introduce a taxonomy of middleware layers and describe how host infrastructure middleware and the ACE toolkit can be applied to address common network programming challenges.
- Part I--Chapters 1 through 4 outline communication design alternatives and describe the object-oriented techniques used in ACE to program OS IPC mechanisms effectively. The resulting classes form the basis of the first version of the book's running example, a networked logging service.
- Part II--Chapters 5 through 10 outline concurrency design alternatives and describe the object-oriented techniques used in ACE to program OS concurrency mechanisms effectively.
Throughout Parts I and II we present a series of increasingly sophisticated implementations of our networked logging service to illustrate how the ACE IPC and concurrency wrapper facades can be applied in practice.
Appendix A summarizes the class design and implementation principles that underlie the ACE IPC and concurrency wrapper facades. Appendix B explains the inception and open-source evolution of ACE over the past decade and outlines where it's heading in the future. The book concludes with a glossary of technical terms (including the italicized terms in this book), an extensive list of references for further research, and a general subject index.
Related Material
This book focuses on resolving complexity using specific C++ features, patterns, and ACE. The second volume in this series--C++ Network Programming: Systematic Reuse with ACE and Frameworks--extends our coverage to include object-oriented network programming frameworks provided by ACE. These frameworks reify common usage patterns of the ACE wrapper facade classes presented in this book to support broader, more extensible levels of systematic reuse. A distinguishing factor between the ACE wrapper facade classes covered in this book and the ACE framework classes covered in Volume 2 is that the ACE wrapper facade classes have few virtual methods, whereas the ACE framework classes have mostly virtual methods.
This book is based on ACE version 5.2, released in October 2001. The ACE software and all the sample applications described in our books are open-source and can be downloaded at http://ace.ece.uci.edu and http://www.riverace.com. These sites also contain a wealth of other material on ACE, such as tutorials, technical papers, and an overview of other ACE wrapper facades for IPC and synchronization mechanisms that aren't covered in this book. We encourage you to obtain a copy of ACE so you can follow along, see the actual ACE classes and frameworks in complete detail, and run the code examples interactively as you read through the book. Precompiled versions of ACE can also be purchased at a nominal cost from http://www.riverace.com.
To learn more about ACE, or to report any errors you find in the book, we recommend you subscribe to the ACE mailing list, ace-users@cs.wustl.edu. You can subscribe by sending e-mail to the Majordomo list server at ace-users-request@cs.wustl.edu. Include the following command in the body of the e-mail (the subject line is ignored):
subscribe ace-users emailaddress@domain
You must supply emailaddress@domain only if your message's From address is not the address you wish to subscribe. Postings to the ACE mailing list are also forwarded to the USENET newsgroup comp.soft-sys.ace. Archives of postings to the ACE mailing list are available at http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ace-users.
0201604647P12052001
Most helpful customer reviews
18 of 19 people found the following review helpful.
excellent notes on development experiences
By Dr. Shahzad Aslam-Mir
I have worked on the development of large scale distributed networked systems for many years now, and have yet to see another so well organized text on the subject. It is an invaluable compendium that every network, distributed system, and application developer/programmer should keep handy.
It conveys, clearly, concisely and precisely a wealth of experiences from the development/coding trenches that is hard to come by and is rarely found in one place or even so well organized. The text enumerates in detail how issues faced during development were resolved in a manner that met a multitude of complex development criteria. The book breaks down ACE into a set of key crucial areas/modules, and then goes to work on each piece. It then surgically disects and explains the details of each line of code of the ACE toolkit and how and why the API's were developed the way they were and today what benefits and critical issues they solve as a result of those choices. I am eager to read the completed second volume.
I'd recommend this text to any and all students and practioners alike who are involved in distributed system (sockets, CORBA, RPC... etc with C++) development, even if they dont plan on using ACE, simply because of the high quality development advice and the way it makes one aware of pitfalls and issues that might and invariably do arise in large scale distributed systems development.
13 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
Essential tools for your use - Highly recommended!
By Bruce R Trask
In the past, I have seen many posts on newsgroups from folks inquiring as to what *real world* C++ code is available for them to study so that they can learn *real-world* tools and techniques they can understand and thereafter really apply. ACE is such a body of code and this book does an excellent job of presenting what ACE is, what it does, how it does it, and, the part I like the most, WHY it does things the way it does.
I work with high performance distributed real-time embedded system factory automation equipment and network-enabled software defined radios. I remember diving into these areas of software for the first time and spending A LOT of time wrestling with the idiosyncrasies of the socket and threading APIs of not just one but a few operating systems. It wasn't until I started using the ACE classes and patterns described in this book that I was able to master these complexities and get on with solving the problem of the business domain for which the software was being written. This book does a great job of giving you not only the view of networked and concurrent applications from 30,000 feet (with the domain analysis of network application development and the resulting isolation of important design dimensions) but also the view from the battlefield trenches (with code that abstracts away the gory details of native operating system APIs) as well as the stuff in between (real life networked concurrent programming examples that bring it all together).
After reading the book, I definitely feel I have gained some invaluable experience from the authors' intense expertise with the gory details of and differences between operating system APIs. They explain these details and differences in a very clear fashion and then show how you can program more productively using the ACE classes that abstract away these platform differences, without loss of efficiency, as well as prevent you from making common nasty programming errors that could cost you hundreds of hours of debugging time. They explain, in full, the C++ techniques that ACE uses to achieve this. They explain not only how these techniques work but why they are used. I feel my expertise and judgment as a C++ network/concurrent programmer have increased greatly as a result of reading the book.
Despite the complexity of the subject matter, the authors' writing style enables you to absorb and understand the information at a very fast rate. I highly recommend this book for anybody involved with programming (you should know C++) as it captures the essence AND details of how a complex programming domain can be systematically and methodically tackled and a solution formulated and implemented effectively in real-world applications.
8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Great book on concurrent network programming
By A Customer
Doug and Stephen did a great job writing this book (I only wish it came out earlier ;-). Everything is clearly explained, from analysis, to design patterns, to low-level implementation details with copious, well-written code examples. Even tho I've used ACE for several years now, I still learned many new things from reading this book, and it will continue to be a great reference. I particularly liked their explanation of trade-offs between various server concurrency stategies (eg: iterative, process-per-connection, thread-per-connection, etc), and ACE's design principles (appendix A).
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